lunes, 24 de enero de 2011
Muere Obispo Samuel Ruiz...
domingo, 23 de enero de 2011
Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, México, ese bello y único oasis en agonía.
Esa maravilla de lugar , como muchos otros en México enfrenta el destino que otros muchos lugares de México ya padecen o sufrieron: destrucción, agonía, muerte.
¿Qué tan bello es? Ustedes juzguen:
A buscar tumbas masivas de judíos en Alemania.
http://www.jta.org/news/article/2011/01/23/2742659/germany-helps-identify-holocaust-era-mass-graves
Israel se lava las manos de nuevo: ataque a flotilla humanitaria: "lamentable" pero legal.
Israel »
CBC.ca
Flotilla raid 'regrettable' but legal, Israeli commission finds
CNN - Shira Medding - 30 minutes ago
By the CNN Wire Staff Jerusalem (CNN) -- Israel's deadly raid on an aid flotilla that attempted to run the blockade of Gaza was "regrettable" but legal under international law, an independent Israeli commission reported Sunday.
lunes, 17 de enero de 2011
LA GRAN CRISIS ALIMENTARIA DE 2011 * Por Lester R. Brown
LA GRAN CRISIS ALIMENTARIA DE 2011 *
Por Lester R. Brown
www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2011/update90
Boletín de Earth Policy
Plan B actualización
14 de enero 2011
A medida que el nuevo año comienza, el precio del trigo establece un máximo histórico en el Reino Unido. Disturbios por falta de alimentos se propagan en Argelia. Rusia importa cereales para mantener sus rebaños de ganado de pastoreo hasta que comience la primavera. India enfrenta un 18 por ciento anual de tasa de inflación de los alimentos, lo que provoca protestas. China busca en el extranjero cantidades potencialmente masivas de trigo y maíz. El gobierno mexicano compra de futuros de maíz para evitar el incontrolable aumento de los precios de tortilla. Y el 5 de enero, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura anunció que su índice de precios de los alimentos para diciembre alcanzó un máximo histórico.
Pero mientras que en los últimos años, han sido factores climáticos los que ha causado un aumento en los precios de los productos básicos, ahora son las tendencias en ambos lados de la ecuación de la oferta y la demanda del suministro de alimentos las que impulsan el alza de los precios. Por el lado de la demanda, los culpables son: el crecimiento demográfico, el aumento de la riqueza, y el uso de granos para alimentar automóviles. Por el lado de la oferta: la erosión del suelo, agotamiento de los acuíferos, la pérdida de tierras agrícolas a usos no agrícolas, el desvío de agua de riego a las ciudades, el estancamiento de los rendimientos de los cultivos en la agricultura de los países avanzados, y a las olas de calor -producidas por el cambio climático- extinción de cultivos y derretimiento de los glaciares de montaña y capas de hielo. Estas tendencias relacionadas con el clima parece que impondrán costos mucho mayores en el futuro.
Hay al menos un atisbo de buenas noticias en el lado de la demanda: crecimiento de la población mundial, que alcanzó el 2 por ciento al año alrededor de 1970, cayó por debajo de 1,2 por ciento por año en 2010. Pero debido a que la población mundial casi se ha duplicado desde 1970, todavía estamos agregando 80 millones de personas cada año. Esta noche, habrá 219 mil bocas adicionales para alimentar a la mesa, y muchos de ellos serán recibidos con platos vacíos. Otros 219.000 se unirán a nosotros mañana por la noche. En algún momento, este crecimiento incesante comienzará a gravar tanto las habilidades de los agricultores y de los límites de la tierra de la tierra y los recursos hídricos.
Más allá del crecimiento de la población, en la actualidad hay unos 3 mil millones de personas en movimiento hacia arriba en la cadena alimentaria, que comen mayor cantidad de ganado, intensivo en cereales y productos de aves de corral. El aumento en la carne, la leche y el huevo de consumo en los países en desarrollo de rápido crecimiento no tiene precedentes. El consumo total de carne en la China de hoy ya es casi el doble que en los Estados Unidos.
La tercera fuente importante de crecimiento de la demanda es el uso de cultivos para producir combustible para automóviles. En los Estados Unidos, que cosechó 416 millones de toneladas de cereales en 2009, 119 millones de toneladas fueron a destilerías de etanol para producir combustible para automóviles. Eso es suficiente para alimentar a 350 millones de personas durante un año. La enorme inversión de EE.UU. en destilerías de etanol prepara el escenario para la competencia directa entre los coches y la gente para la cosecha mundial de cereales. En Europa, donde gran parte de la flota de autos funciona con combustible diesel, hay una creciente demanda de petróleo diesel a base de plantas, principalmente de colza y aceite de palma. Esta demanda de los cultivos de oleaginosas no es sólo tiende a reducir la tierra disponible para producir cultivos alimenticios en Europa, también está impulsando la tala de bosques en Indonesia y Malasia para las plantaciones de aceite de palma.
El efecto combinado de estas tres demandas de crecimiento es impresionante: una duplicación en el crecimiento anual del consumo mundial de cereales de un promedio de 21 millones de toneladas por año en 1990-2005 a 41 millones de toneladas por año en 2005-2010. La mayor parte de este gran salto es atribuible a la orgía de la inversión en destilerías de etanol en los Estados Unidos en 2006-2008.
Si bien el crecimiento de la demanda anual de grano se duplicaba, nuevas restricciones fueron surgiendo en el lado de la oferta, así como los de larga data, tales como la erosión del suelo se intensificó. Se estima que un tercio de las tierras cultivadas del mundo pierde una capa superior del suelo más rápido que el nuevo suelo se forma a través de procesos naturales y por lo tanto pierde su productividad inherente. Dos grandes sequías se generan en el mundo, una de ellas a través del noroeste de China, el oeste de Mongolia y Asia Central, y el otra en el centro de África. Cada una de estas sequías dejarán pequeña a la gran sequía (dust bowl) de EE.UU. de la década de 1930.
Las imágenes de satélite muestran un flujo constante de las tormentas de polvo que dejan estas regiones, cada una de ellas normalmente llevan millones de toneladas de tierra preciosa. En el norte de China, cerca de 24.000 aldeas rurales han sido abandonadas o parcialmente despobladas en la medida que los pastizales han sido destruidos por el sobrepastoreo y las tierras de cultivo han sido inundadas por la migración de dunas de arena.
En los países con grave erosión del suelo, como Mongolia y Lesotho, las cosechas de granos se reducen en la medida que la erosión reduce los rendimientos y, finalmente, esto conduce al abandono de las tierras de cultivo.. El resultado es la expansión del hambre y la creciente dependencia de las importaciones. Haití y Corea del Norte, dos países con suelos muy erosionados, crónicamente dependen de la ayuda alimentaria del extranjero.
Mientras tanto, el agotamiento de los acuíferos conduce a un rápida disminución de la cantidad de superficie de regandío en muchas partes del mundo, este fenómeno relativamente reciente se debe a la utilización a gran escala de las bombas mecánicas para explotar el agua subterránea. Hoy en día, la mitad de la población mundial vive en países donde las capas freáticas desaparecen por el bombeo excesivo que agota los acuíferos. Una vez que el acuífero se agote, el bombeo se reduce necesariamente a la tasa de recarga a menos que sea un fósil (nonreplenishable) del acuífero, en cuyo caso el bombeo termina por completo. Pero tarde o temprano, la caída de los niveles freáticos se traducen en el aumento en los precios de los alimentos.
La superficie de regadío se está reduciendo en el Oriente Medio, especialmente en Arabia Saudita, Siria, Irak y posiblemente, Yemen. En Arabia Saudita, que era totalmente dependiente, para su autoabastecimiento de trigo, de un acuífero que se encuentra ahora empobrecido por aguas fósiles, la producción ahora está en caída libre. De 2007 a 2010, la producción de trigo Arabia se redujo en más de dos tercios. Para el año 2012, la producción de trigo probablemente terminará por completo, dejando al país totalmente dependiente de grano importado.
Arabia en el Medio Oriente es la primera región geográfica en la que la creciente escasez de agua reduce la cosecha de cereales. Sin embargo, el gran déficit de agua en India, donde los números del Banco Mundial indican que 175 millones de personas se alimentan con grano que se produce con exceso de bombeo. En China, el bombeo excesivo provee comida para unos 130 millones de personas. En los Estados Unidos, el productor mundial de otros cereales principales, la superficie de regadío se reduce en los principales estados agrícolas como California y Texas.
La última década ha sido testigo de la aparición de una nueva restricción en el crecimiento de la productividad agrícola mundial: la existencia cada vez menor de tecnologías sin explotar. En algunos países la agricultura avanzada, los agricultores utilizan todas las tecnologías disponibles para aumentar los rendimientos. En Japón, el primer país en ver un aumento sostenido en el rendimiento de grano por hectárea, los rendimientos del arroz se han estancado durante 14 años. Los rendimientos del arroz en Corea del Sur y China se están acercando a los de Japón. Suponiendo que los agricultores de estos dos países se enfrentarán a las mismas limitaciones que las de Japón, más de un tercio de la cosecha de arroz del mundo pronto se producirán en países con poco potencial para aumentar aún más los rendimientos del arroz.
Una situación similar se da con los rendimientos de trigo en Europa. En Francia, Alemania y el Reino Unido, los rendimientos de trigo ya no aumentan en lo más mínimo. Estos tres países representan aproximadamente una octava parte de la cosecha mundial de trigo. Otra tendencia de desaceleración del crecimiento de la cosecha mundial de cereales es la conversión de tierras agrícolas a usos no agrícolas. Mucha dispersión suburbana, construcción industrial, y la pavimentación de la tierra para los caminos, carreteras y aparcamientos invaden las tierras de cultivo en el Valle Central de California, la cuenca del río Nilo en Egipto, y en países densamente poblados que son de rápida industrialización, como China y la India. En 2011, las ventas de automóviles nuevos en China se prevé que alcanzará los 20 millones-un récord para cualquier país. La regla de oro de EE.UU. es que por cada 5 millones de automóviles añadido a la flota de un país, aproximadamente 1 millón de acres debe ser pavimentada para acomodarlos. Y las tierras de cultivo son a menudo las que se pierden.
Las ciudades de crecimiento rápido también compiten con los agricultores de agua para riego. En las zonas donde escasean las aguas, como la mayoría de los países de Oriente Medio, el norte de China, el sudoeste de los Estados Unidos, y la mayor parte de la India, desvían ahora el agua a las ciudades lo que significa menos agua de riego para la producción de alimentos. California ha perdido tal vez un millón de acres de tierras de regadío en los últimos años los agricultores han vendido grandes cantidades de agua para saciar la sed de millones en Los Ángeles y San Diego.
El aumento de la temperatura es también lo que hace más difícil ampliar la cosecha mundial de cereales lo suficientemente rápido para mantener el ritmo récord de la demanda. Los ecologistas de los cultivos tienen su propia regla de oro: Para cada grado Celsius de aumento en la temperatura por encima del óptimo, durante la temporada de crecimiento, podemos esperar una disminución del 10 por ciento de los rendimientos de grano. Este efecto de la temperatura sobre el rendimiento fue muy visible en el oeste de Rusia durante el verano de 2010, la cosecha fue diezmada cuando la temperatura se elevó muy por encima de la norma.
Otra nueva tendencia que amenaza la seguridad alimentaria es el derretimiento de los glaciares de montaña. Esto es especialmente preocupante en el Himalaya y en la meseta tibetana, donde el derretimiento del hielo de los glaciares ayuda a mantener no sólo los grandes ríos de Asia durante la estación seca, tales como los ríos Indo, Ganges, Mekong, Yangtze y Amarillo, pero también los sistemas de riego que dependen de estos ríos. Sin este hielo que se derrite, la cosecha de cereales caería estrepitosamente y los precios se incrementarían en consecuencia.
Y, por último, a largo plazo, las capas de hielo se derriten en Groenlandia y la Antártida Occidental, junto con la expansión térmica de los océanos, amenazan con elevar el nivel del mar de hasta seis pies de largo de este siglo. Incluso un aumento de casi un metro inundaría la mitad de los arrozales de Bangladesh. También pondría bajo el agua gran parte del delta del Mekong, que produce la mitad del arroz en Vietnam, el número dos del mundo exportador de arroz. En total son unos 19 los deltas de otros ríos de cultivo de arroz en Asia, donde las cosechas se verían sustancialmente reducidas por un nivel del mar que se eleva.
El incremento actual de los precios mundiales de cereales y soja, y en precios de los alimentos de manera más amplia, no es un fenómeno temporal. Ya no podemos esperar que las cosas pronto vuelvan a la normalidad, porque en un mundo con un rápido cambio climático no existe una norma a la que volver.
Los disturbios de las últimas semanas es sólo el comienzo. No es un conflicto entre las superpotencias ya fuertemente armados, sino difundir la escasez de alimentos y el aumento de precios de los alimentos y la agitación política que esto llevaría a que amenaza nuestro futuro global. A menos que los gobiernos rápidamente redefinan los gastos de seguridad y cambien de usos militares a la inversión en la mitigación del cambio climático, uso eficiente del agua, conservación de suelos y estabilización de la población, el mundo, con toda probabilidad se enfrenta a un futuro con la inestabilidad climática, tanto más y volatilidad de los precios de alimentos. Si el negocio continúa como de costumbre, los precios de los alimentos tendrán sólo la tendencia al alza.
* NOTA: Esta pieza apareció originalmente en Foreign Policy en Martes, 10 de enero 2011.
# # #
Lester Brown, presidente del Earth Policy Institute y autor de
Mundial sobre el borde: Cómo evitar un colapso ambiental y económica (Nueva York: WW Norton & Company, 2011) disponible en línea en www.earth-policy.org/books/wote.
Los datos, notas, y recursos adicionales
se puede encontrar en www.earth-policy.org.
Siéntase libre de pasar esta información a amigos, familiares y colegas!
Siga EPI:
Contacto para medios:
Reah Kauffman Janise
(202) 496-9290 ext. 12
rjk@earthpolicy.orgResearch Contacto:
Janet Larsen
(202) 496-9290 ext. 14
jlarsen@earthpolicy.orgEarth Instituto de Política
1350 Connecticut Avenue. NW, Suite 403
Washington, DC 20036
www.earth-policy.org
---
Washington, DC 20036
www.earth-policy.org
---
THE GREAT FOOD CRISIS OF 2011*
By Lester R. Brown
www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2011/update90
Earth Policy Release
Plan B Update
January 14, 2011
As the new year begins, the price of wheat is setting an all-time high in the United Kingdom. Food riots are spreading across Algeria. Russia is importing grain to sustain its cattle herds until spring grazing begins. India is wrestling with an 18-percent annual food inflation rate, sparking protests. China is looking abroad for potentially massive quantities of wheat and corn. The Mexican government is buying corn futures to avoid unmanageable tortilla price rises. And on January 5, the U.N. Food and Agricultural organization announced that its food price index for December hit an all-time high.
But whereas in years past, it's been weather that has caused a spike in commodities prices, now it's trends on both sides of the food supply/demand equation that are driving up prices. On the demand side, the culprits are population growth, rising affluence, and the use of grain to fuel cars. On the supply side: soil erosion, aquifer depletion, the loss of cropland to nonfarm uses, the diversion of irrigation water to cities, the plateauing of crop yields in agriculturally advanced countries, and—due to climate change —crop-withering heat waves and melting mountain glaciers and ice sheets. These climate-related trends seem destined to take a far greater toll in the future.
There's at least a glimmer of good news on the demand side: World population growth, which peaked at 2 percent per year around 1970, dropped below 1.2 percent per year in 2010. But because the world population has nearly doubled since 1970, we are still adding 80 million pe ople each year. Tonight, there will be 219,000 additional mouths to feed at the dinner table, and many of them will be greeted with empty plates. Another 219,000 will join us tomorrow night. At some point, this relentless growth begins to tax both the skills of farmers and the limits of the earth's land and water resources.
Beyond population growth, there are now some 3 billion people moving up the food chain, eating greater quantities of grain-intensive livestock and poultry products. The rise in meat, milk, and egg consumption in fast-growing developing countries has no precedent. Total meat consumption in China today is already nearly double that in the United States.
The third major source of demand growth is the use of crops to produce fuel for cars. In the United States, which harvested 416 million tons of grain in 2009, 119 million tons went to ethanol distilleries to produce fuel for cars. That's enough to feed 350 million people for a year. The massive U.S. investment in ethanol distilleries sets the stage for direct competition between cars and people for the world grain harvest. In Europe, where much of the auto fleet runs on diesel fuel, there is growing demand for plant-based diesel oil, principally from rapeseed and palm oil. This demand for oil-bearing crops is not only reducing the land available to produce food crops in Europe, it is also driving the clearing of rainforests in Indonesia and Malaysia for palm oil plantations.
The combined effect of these three growing demands is stunning: a doubling in the annual growth in world grain consumption from an average of 21 million tons per year in 1990-2005 to 41 million tons per year in 2005-2010. Most of this huge jump is attributable to the orgy of investment in ethanol distilleries in the United States in 2006-2008.
While the annual demand growth for grain was doubling, new constraints were emerging on the supply side, even as longstanding ones such as soil erosion intensified. An estimated one third of the world's cropland is losing topsoil faster than new soil is forming through natural processes—and thus is losing its inherent productivity. Two huge dust bowls are forming, one across northwest China, western Mongolia, and central Asia; the other in central Africa. Each of these dwarfs the U.S. dust bowl of the 1930s.
Satellite images show a steady flow of dust storms leaving these regions, each one typically carrying millions of tons of precious topsoil. In North China, some 24,000 rural villages have been abandoned or partly depopulated as grasslands have been destroyed by overgrazing and as croplands have been inundated by migrating sand dunes.
In countries with severe soil erosion, such as Mongolia and Lesotho, grain harvests are shrinking as erosion lowers yields and eventually leads to cropland abandonment. The result is spreading hunger and growing dependence on imports. Haiti and North Korea, two countries with severely eroded soils, are chronically dependent on food aid from abroad.
Meanwhile aquifer depletion is fast shrinking the amount of irrigated area in many parts of the world; this relatively recent phenomenon is driven by the large-scale use of mechanical pumps to exploit underground water. Today, half the world's people live in countries where water tables are falling as overpumping depletes aquifers. Once an aquifer is depleted, pumping is necessarily reduced to the rate of recharge unless it is a fossil (nonreplenishable) aquifer, in which case pumping ends altogether. But sooner or later, falling water tables translate into rising food prices.
Irrigated area is shrinking in the Middle East, notably in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, and possibly Yemen. In Saudi Arabia, which was totally dependent on a now-depleted fossil aq uifer for its wheat self-sufficiency, production is in a freefall. From 2007 to 2010, Saudi wheat production fell by more than two thirds. By 2012, wheat production will likely end entirely, leaving the country totally dependent on imported grain.
The Arab Middle East is the first geographic region where spreading water shortages are shrinking the grain harvest. But the really big water deficits are in India, where the World Bank numbers indicate that 175 million people are being fed with grain that is produced by overpumping. In China, overpumping provides food for some 130 million people. In the United States, the world's other leading grain producer, irrigated area is shrinking in key agricultural states such as California and Texas.
The last decade has witnessed the emergence of yet another constraint on growth in global agricultural productivity: the shrinking backlog of untapped technologies. In some agriculturally advanced countries, farmers are using all available technologies to raise yields. In Japan, the first country to see a sustained rise in grain yield per acre, rice yields have been flat now for 14 years. Rice yields in South Korea and China are now approaching those in Japan. Assuming that farmers in these two countries will face the same constraints as those in Japan, more than a third of the world rice harvest will soon be produced in countries with little potential for further raising rice yields.
A similar situation is emerging with wheat yields in Europe. In France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, wheat yields are no longer rising at all. These three countries together account for roughly one-eighth of the world wheat harvest. Another trend slowing the growth in the world grain harvest is the conversion of cropland to nonfarm uses. Suburban sprawl, industrial construction, and the paving of land for roads, highways, and parking lots are claiming cropland in the Central Valley of California , the Nile River basin in Egypt, and in densely populated countries that are rapidly industrializing, such as China and India. In 2011, new car sales in China are projected to reach 20 million—a record for any country. The U.S. rule of thumb is that for every 5 million cars added to a country's fleet, roughly 1 million acres must be paved to accommodate them. And cropland is often the loser.
Fast-growing cities are also competing with farmers for irrigation water. In areas where all water is being spoken for, such as most countries in the Middle East, northern China, the southwestern United States, and most of India, diverting water to cities means less irrigation water available for food production. California has lost perhaps a million acres of irrigated land in recent years as farmers have sold huge amounts of water to the thirsty millions in Los Angeles and San Diego.
The rising temperature is also making it more difficult to expand the world grain harvest fast enough to keep up with the record pace of demand. Crop ecologists have their own rule of thumb: For each 1 degree Celsius rise in temperature above the optimum during the growing season, we can expect a 10 percent decline in grain yields. This temperature effect on yields was all too visible in western Russia during the summer of 2010 as the harvest was decimated when temperatures soared far above the norm.
Another emerging trend that threatens food security is the melting of mountain glaciers. This is of particular concern in the Himalayas and on the Tibetan plateau, where the ice melt from glaciers helps sustain not only the major rivers of Asia during the dry season, such as the Indus, Ganges, Mekong, Yangtze, and Yellow rivers, but also the irrigation systems dependent on these rivers. Without this ice melt, the grain harvest would drop precipitously and prices would rise accordingly.
And finally, over the longer term, melting ice sheets in Greenland and West Antarctica, combined with thermal expansion of the oceans, threaten to raise the sea level by up to six feet during this century. Even a three-foot rise would inundate half of the riceland in Bangladesh. It would also put under water much of the Mekong Delta that produces half the rice in Vietnam, the world's number two rice exporter. Altogether there are some 19 other rice-growing river deltas in Asia where harvests would be substantially reduced by a rising sea level.
The current surge in world grain and soybean prices, and in food prices more broadly, is not a temporary phenomenon. We can no longer expect that things will soon return to normal, because in a world with a rapidly changing climate system there is no norm to return to.
The unrest of these past few weeks is just the beginning. It is no longer conflict between heavily armed superpowers, but rather spreading food shortages and rising food prices—and the political turmoil this would lead to—that threatens our global future. Unless governments quickly redefine security and shift expenditures from military uses to investing in climate change mitigation, water efficiency, soil conservation, and population stabilization, the world will in all likelihood be facing a future with both more climate instability and food price volatility. If business as usual continues, food prices will only trend upward.
*NOTE: This piece originally appeared in Foreign Policy on Tuesday, January 10, 2011.
# # #
Lester Brown is President of the Earth Policy Institute and author of
World on the Edge: How to Prevent an Environmental and Economic Collapse (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2011) available online at www.earth-policy.org/books/wote.
Data, endnotes, and additional resources
can be found on www.earth-policy.org.
Feel free to pass this information along to friends, family members, and colleagues!
Follow EPI:
Media Contact:
Reah Janise Kauffman
(202) 496-9290 ext. 12
rjk@earthpolicy.orgResearch Contact:
Janet Larsen
(202) 496-9290 ext. 14
jlarsen@earthpolicy.orgEarth Policy Institute
1350 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 403
Washington, DC 20036
www.earth-policy.org
---
--
Miguel Valencia
ECOMUNIDADES
miércoles, 12 de enero de 2011
A pesar de embargo alemán por abusos a derechos humanos gobiernos de Chihuahua, Jalisco, Chiapas y Guerrero adquieren de modo irregular o ilegal armas G36 de Heckler & Koch
Investigation closes in on German weapons company
Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: The G36 is one of the deadliest rifles in the worldPolice recently searched the offices of German arms company Heckler & Koch in connection with allegedly illegal weapon exports to Mexico used in the drugs war. One manager involved in the deal has already resigned.
The scandal currently embroiling Germany's biggest small arms manufacturer is becoming more and more difficult to contain. Heckler & Koch (H&K) stands accused of illegally exporting handguns and automatic rifles to embargoed regions of Mexico in the grip of a deadly drugs war, and of deceiving the Federal Security Council, chaired by Chancellor Angela Merkel, the government committee that adjudicates sensitive export contracts.
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Graesslin charged H&K of breaking German export laws
H&K's headquarters near Stuttgart in southern Germany were searched by around 20 police officers late last month. The company vehemently denies any wrongdoing, and in a statement released on the same day as the search, said, "Heckler & Koch has for a long time and will continue to cooperate fully with state prosecutors. The company and its management are convinced that the accusations do not withstand a thorough legal examination."
The police catches up
The police investigation was triggered by a legal complaint brought back in April by Juergen Graesslin, an anti-weapons activist and spokesman for the German Peace Association (DFG-VK) who has been researching H&K for over 27 years.
The fact that the police only searched the H&K offices in December brings an amused smile from Graesslin. "I'd say they weren't overworked during those eight months," he says. Stuttgart state prosecutors apparently only began to move the investigation forward once the case was made public, primarily by news magazine Der Spiegel and state broadcaster ARD.
After ARD's broadcast on December 13, members of the German parliament demanded that state prosecutors do something. Hans-Christian Stroebele, Green party parliamentarian and one politician to raise concerns about H&K, agrees with Graesslin. "I expect the broadcast gave the state prosecutors another prod," he told Deutsche Welle.
Whistleblower
The current investigation represents a major breakthrough for Graesslin, because for the first time his research into the company has been augmented by the written testimony of an anonymous H&K whistleblower.
Graesslin has spent the best of three decades collecting evidence of the ubiquity of H&K's guns. He believes they are everywhere. The rifle in the logo of the German 1970s terrorist organization Rote Armee Fraktion (RAF), for instance, is an H&K MP5.
H&K insists that, in accordance with German export law, it never delivers weapons to terrorist groups or to embargoed countries that abuse human rights. But it is clear that H&K weapons consistently end up in the wrong hands. Graesslin says, "There is verifiable evidence that nearly every single terrorist organization you can think of uses Heckler & Koch weapons."
"The difference is, before I was always looking from the outside and saying, 'Oh, I see that Heckler & Koch weapons are being used here,'" Graesslin told Deutsche Welle. "But I've never had anyone from inside the company telling me how it happened. Now I've got someone who can tell me about the exact number of weapons, and the exact $25 (19 euros) bribe per G36. That's sensational."
The informant's testimony allegedly points to hard evidence that H&K has been making illegal deals.
Bildunterschrift: The Mexican police bought over 8,000 G36 rifles between 2006 and 2009
Militarizing the Mexican drug war
The current scandal concerns the sale of over 8,000 G36 rifles to the Mexican police between 2006 and 2009. Graesslin's insider says that an unknown number of these extremely accurate, state-of-the-art weapons were sold to the police in four key Mexican states - Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guerrero und Jalisco. Unlike Mexico's 27 other states, these four have been embargoed by the German government as areas where human rights abuses take place. Selling weapons to these areas therefore contravenes German export law.
For Graesslin, Germany's distinction between Mexican states is a little arbitrary. "It's absurd because the human rights situation in the other 27 states is in many cases just as bad as in the four 'crisis' ones," he says. "It's really a scandal anyway. We have political principles that forbid delivering weapons to countries that disregard human rights, so we shouldn't be exporting to Mexico at all."
The Mexican drug war has become increasingly militarized in the past few years. Since 2006, Mexican government statistics say the country's drug cartels and the police have killed over 30,000 people between them, over 12,000 in 2010 alone. Amnesty International reports consistently accuse the Mexican police of human rights abuses and corruption.
"Of course I believe in a democratic state having a police force and in arming the police," says Graesslin. "I do realize that some of the world's biggest drug wars are being fought in Mexico, and you can't just go in waving balloons. But if you export to this region and you know from Amnesty International that the police there are highly corrupt, then you know that it's just a matter of time before the drug mafia get their hands on G36's."
Graesslin's informant says that H&K's travel and hotel accounts show that their employees went to the banned states, and he says they trained policemen with the G36. The informant also says H&K paid General Aguilar, at the time responsible for the Mexican state weapons purchasing body DCAM (Direccion de Comercializacion de Armamento y Municiones), $25 for every G36 that was sold on into the illegal provinces. "That would be called corruption," says Graesslin. "According to the informant, H&K bribed him to fulfil orders in the banned regions."
Bildunterschrift: The Mexican drugs war claimed the lives of over 12,000 people in 2010
Heads roll
These details have, Graesslin claims, already brought one scalp. Peter Beyerle, H&K's war weapons control officer resigned early last month, just before the ARD broadcast. H&K says the 70-year-old's resignation was down to his "personal life plans," but Graesslin, pointing out that he still had three years to run on his contract, is sure the growing media attention was making his position untenable.
Beyerle was at the top of the hierarchy when it came to H&K's foreign armaments trade. "The H&K informant told me Beyerle would have been informed of what they did in Mexico," says Graesslin. Unfortunately it was impossible for Deutsche Welle to reach Beyerle or H&K's press spokeswoman Martina Tydecks, despite repeated calls.
Nevertheless, Grasslin believes that once the police has concluded its initial investigations, H&K will face a criminal investigation. "This is really one of the biggest weapons industry scandals in German economic history," he says. "Not in terms of the amount of money involved, but because of the political implications. They didn't just allegedly deceive the Federal Export Office, the official regulatory authority for all exports, but the Federal Security Council, a committee chaired by Angela Merkel as chancellor and which includes eight other ministers."
The Federal Security Council apparently convened twice to deal with H&K's G3 and G36 contracts in Mexico. The first meeting rubberstamped the contract, but prohibited H&K from exporting to the four illegal states. The second dealt with an order for replacement parts for the rifles. "According to my informant, the first orders for the replacement parts came from Chiapas, one of the four banned regions. The police have used the older G3 rifles in Chiapas against demonstrating farmers for years."
The implications could reach the government itself. "Apparently we have a Federal Security Council that just waves through weapons exports, that doesn't seem to take its own political principles on exports seriously," says Graesslin.
Stroebele also believes some of the blame for the deal should fall to the government. "The government should have checked," he says. "They knew that exports to those banned states were illegal."
For the activist, there is one ultimate goal: "It would certainly be a step forward if Mexico were put on a list of embargo countries banned from weapons exports - I mean not just by Germany, but internationally," says Graesslin. "That wouldn't be a solution to the problems in Mexico itself, but at the moment we're just pouring oil in the fire."
Author: Ben Knight
Editor: Rob Mudge
viernes, 7 de enero de 2011
Campaña vs. muerte masiva de abejas: Have you heard the buzz?
Multiple scientific studies blame one group of toxic pesticides for their rapid demise, and bee populations have soared in four European countries that have banned these chemicals. But powerful chemical companies are lobbying hard to keep selling this poison. Our best chance to save bees now is to push the US and EU to join the ban -- their action is critical and will have a ripple effect on the rest of the world.
We have no time to lose -- the debate is raging about what to do. This is not just about saving bumble bees, this is about survival. Let's build a giant global buzz calling for the EU and US to outlaw these killer chemicals and save our bees and our food. Sign the emergency petition now, and send it on to everyone and we'll deliver it to key decision makers:
https://secure.avaaz.org/en/save_the_bees/?vl
Bees are vital to life on earth -- every year pollinating plants and crops with an estimated $40bn value, over one third of the food supply in many countries. Without immediate action to save bees we could end up with no fruit, no vegetables, no nuts, no oils and no cotton.
Recent years have seen a steep and disturbing global decline in bee populations -- some bee species are now extinct and others are at just 4% of their previous numbers. Scientists have been scrambling for answers. Some studies claim the decline may be due to a combination of factors including disease, habitat loss and toxic chemicals. But new leading independent research has produced strong evidence blaming neonicotinoid pesticides. France, Italy, Slovenia and even Germany, where the main manufacturer Bayer is based, have banned one of these bee killers. But, Bayer continues to export its poison across the world
This issue is now coming to the boil as major new studies have confirmed the scale of this problem. If we can get European and US decision-makers to take action, others will follow. It won't be easy. A leaked document shows that the US Environmental Protection Agency knew about the pesticide's dangers, but ignored them. The document says Bayer's "highly toxic" product is a "major risk concern to non target insects [honey bees]".
We need to make our voices heard to counter Bayer's very strong influence on policy makers and scientists in both the US and the EU where they fund the studies and sit on policy bodies. The real experts -- the beekeepers and farmers -- want these deadly pesticides prohibited until and unless we have solid, independent studies that show they are safe. Let's support them now. Sign the petition below, then forward this email:
https://secure.avaaz.org/en/save_the_bees/?vl
We can no longer leave our delicate food chain in the hands of research run by the chemical companies and the regulators that are in their pockets. Banning this pesticide will move us closer to a world safe for ourselves and the other species we care about and depend on.
With hope,
Alex, Alice, Iain, David and all at Avaaz
MORE INFORMATION
Bee decline could be down to chemical cocktail interfering with brains
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jun/22/chemicals-bees-decline-major-study?INTCMP=SRCH
Bee briefing
http://www.soilassociation.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=RXLEm9WXrHk%3D&tabid=439
$15 Billion Bee Murder Mystery Deepens
http://www.businessinsider.com/colony-collapse-disorder-still-unsolved-lead-researcher-had-connections-to-bayer-2010-10
"Nicotine Bees" Population Restored With Neonicotinoids Ban
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/05/nicotine-bees-population-restored-with-neonicotinoids-ban.php
EPA memo reveals concern that pesticide causes bee deaths
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/green/detail?entry_id=79910
Beekeepers want government to pull pesticide
http://www.palmbeachpost.com/money/beekeepers-want-government-to-pull-pesticide-1107701.html
British Beekeepers' Association to stop endorsing bee-killing pesticides http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/nov/16/beekeepers-end-pesticide-endorsement?INTCMP=SRCH
Pesticide industry involvement in EU risk assessment puts survival of bees at stake
http://www.corporateeurope.org/agribusiness/news/2010/11/16/pesticide-industry-future-bees
--------------
martes, 4 de enero de 2011
Los 'mariachis' que El Yunque llevó a España - El Universal - Sociedad
Los 'mariachis' que El Yunque llevó a España - El Universal - Sociedad:
Militantes católicos de grupos como Hazteoir.org (HO) Profesionales por la Ética (Jaime Urcelay), Nasciturus, Observatorio para la Libertad Religiosa y de Conciencia, entre otros, sospechan que bajo esas siglas se esconde una nueva masonería que en España llaman "mariachis", pero que en México no es nada nueva y se le conoce como El Yunque.
Como en el país, éstos grupos se oponen al aborto y a los matrimonios homosexuales en España.
"Cada vez es más vox pópuli que esa asociación que unos llaman El Yunque -nombre que, por lo visto, ha cambiado hace poco-, y que la gracia hispana ha bautizado como los mariachis usa muy malos modos contra los que les desenmascaran", denunció Javier Paredes, catedrático de Historia de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, en el portal digital Infocatólica.com.
"¿Estamos ante una masonería blanca inspirada en el poderoso Yunque mexicano y amamantada en el extremismo ideológico neocon del Phoenix Institute de Arizona (EE UU), como aseguran algunos denunciantes, o ante un simple lobby, como afirman los denunciados?", se pregunta El País en una nota en la que se difunden las sospechas de que estos grupos operan en España.
En una nota en la que titularon "Los secretos del Tea Party español", ese diario consultó al presidente de Hazteoir.org (HO), Ignacio Arsuaga, quien rechazó todo vínculo con El Yunque de México.
"HO es una sociedad civil española registrada en el Ministerio de Interior. No tenemos nada que ver con El Yunque", se defiende Arsuaga. Sí admite que él y algún otro fundador de HO pasaron por el Phoenix Institute americano, un think tank (fábrica de ideas) neoconservador que dirigen, entre otros, John Hamm, presidente de la Universidad de Tejas, y John X. Evans, profesor emérito de la Universidad del Estado de Arizona.
El Phoenix Institute presume que que entre sus egresados mexicanos se contabilizan, "a día de hoy, dirigentes de grandes partidos políticos, varios diputados federales, el representante de México ante el Consejo de Europa, prestigiosos profesores universitarios, importantes directivos en el ámbito bancario y empresarial", según el rotativo español.
Sin embargo, aunque se les supone una querencia mexicana y lo suyo es cultivar el fundamentalismo católico, el perfil ideológico, según algunos especialistas el perfil de esas organizaciones a las que relacionan con el Opus Dei se parecerían más "al modelo wasp (blanco, anglosajón, protestante) característico de los neocon republicanos estadounidenses", subraya el profesor de Historia de San Pablo CEU José Luis Orella Martínez.
En España, los artículos 22 de la Constitución española y 515 del Código Penal prohíben expresamente las asociaciones secretas y las de carácter paramilitar, por lo que buscan saber quién y desde dónde los financian. "Hay quien supone que el dinero viene del otro lado del Atlántico: México o Arizona, quizá de las fundaciones norteamericanas Carnegie y Goldwater, pero Ignacio Arsuaga lo niega. ‘Sale de las pequeñas cuotas de nuestros asociados y de las aportaciones de donantes", respondió a El País.